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Sunday, December 23, 2018

Panalangin matapos ang isang kabiguan



Panginoong Diyos, ako po ay lumalapit sa Iyo ngayon sapagkat ako'y bigo at nasasaktan. Ang tingin ko po ngayon sa aking sarili ay mababa at mahina dahil hindi ko po nakamit aking minimithi. Tulungan Mo po sana ako, Panginoon ko, na maunawaan ang Iyong mga plano para sa aking buhay. Palakasin mo po sana ako at turuan na magpursigi sa buhay na ito upang sumapit ako, sa tulong Mo, sa katuparan ng aking mga pangarap. Hinihiling ko po ito sa pamamagitan ng Iyong Anak, Si Hesukristong Panginoon namin at Tagapagligtas. Amen. 

L.E.T. LECTURE NOTES: Types of Classroom Assessment

Assessment for Learning
Assessment for learning involves teachers using evidence about students' knowledge, understanding and skills to inform their teaching. Sometimes referred to as ‘formative assessment', it usually occurs throughout the teaching and learning process to clarify student learning and understanding.
Assessment for learning:

  • reflects a view of learning in which assessment helps students learn better, rather than just achieve a better mark
  • involves formal and informal assessment activities as part of learning and to inform the planning of future learning
  • includes clear goals for the learning activity
  • provides effective feedback that motivates the learner and can lead to improvement
  • reflects a belief that all students can improve
  • encourages self-assessment and peer assessment as part of the regular classroom routines
  • involves teachers, students and parents reflecting on evidence
  • is inclusive of all learners.

Assessment as Learning
Assessment as learning occurs when students are their own assessors. Students monitor their own learning, ask questions and use a range of strategies to decide what they know and can do, and how to use assessment information for new learning.
Assessment as learning:

  • encourages students to take responsibility for their own learning
  • requires students to ask questions about their learning
  • involves teachers and students creating learning goals to encourage growth and development
  • provides ways for students to use formal and informal feedback and self-assessment to help them understand the next steps in learning
  • encourages peer assessment, self-assessment and reflection.

Assessment of Learning
Assessment of learning assists teachers in using evidence of student learning to assess achievement against outcomes and standards. Sometimes referred to as ‘summative assessment', it usually occurs at defined key points during a teaching work or at the end of a unit, term or semester, and may be used to rank or grade students. The effectiveness of assessment of learning for grading or ranking purposes depends on the validity, reliability and weighting placed on any one task. Its effectiveness as an opportunity for learning depends on the nature and quality of the feedback.

Assessment of learning:

  • is used to plan future learning goals and pathways for students
  • provides evidence of achievement to the wider community, including parents, educators, the students themselves and outside groups
  • provides a transparent interpretation across all audiences.


The approach or approaches used will be informed by:

  • the evidence of student learning to be gathered
  • the processes for gathering the evidence
  • the feedback to be provided to students.


For example, formal assessment provides an opportunity to collect evidence of student learning and may be used for grading and ranking purposes (assessment of learning) as well as informing feedback for students to improve their learning (assessment for learning).


Source: http://educationstandards.nsw.edu.au/wps/portal/nesa/k-10/understanding-the-curriculum/assessment/approaches

L.E.T. LECTURE NOTES: The Eukaryotic Cell



The cell is the basic functional unit of an organism, and is generally divided in to two major groups: the eukaryotic cells and the prokaryotic cells. This article will give focus on the former since this group of cells can be found in majority of all known organisms, particulary those under the Kingdoms Animalia, Plantae, Fungi and Protista. 

The term “eukaryotic” came from the greek words “eu,” which means true, and “karyon,” which means nucleus. Thus, the popular definition of eukaryotic cells: those with “true” or distinct nucleus.  

Here are some General Characteristics of the Eukaryotic Cell:

Saturday, December 22, 2018

L.E.T. GENERAL EDUCATION REVIEWER # 1: Answer Key


L.E.T. GENERAL EDUCATION REVIEWER # 1: Questions and Answers



Answer the following questions using a sheet of paper. The answer key is found at the bottom of the page. 


1.       Ouch! Hurray! Wow! are examples of __________
          A. Interjection                   C. Adverbs
         B. Preposition                    D. Verbs

2.       Identify the adverb in this sentence: Father is fixing the chair right now. 

A.      Father                           C. Fixing

B.      Right Now                   D. Chair
3.       Identify the adjective in this sentence: Rudolph is an intelligent being.
A.      Rudolph                       C. Is
B.      Intelligent                   D. Being
4.       Identify the conjunction in this sentence: God gave us His only Son because He loves us.
A.      Because                       C. God
B.      Son                              D. His
5.       Identify the pronoun in this sentence: God gave us His only Son.
A.      Because                       C. God
B.      Son                              D. His
6.       Identify the main subject in this sentence: God is the Creator of the Universe.
A.      God                               C. Creator
B.      Universe                      D. Is
7.       “Her eyes are like the stars twinkling in the sky” is an example of which figure of speech?
A.      Simile                            C. Metaphor
B.      Personification          D. Hyperbole
8.       “Her skin is as white as the snow” is an example of which figure of speech?
A.      Simile                            C. Metaphor
B.      Personification          D. Hyperbole
9.       “The traffic flow in EDSA is like the turtle walking in the shore” is an example of which figure of speech?
A.      Simile                            C. Metaphor
B.      Personification          D. Hyperbole
10.   “I love you to the moon and back” is an example of which figure of speech?
A.      Simile                            C. Metaphor
B.      Personification               D. Hyperbole
11.   “I am hungry and I think I can eat the whole roasted pig” is an example of which figure of speech?
A.      Simile                            C. Metaphor
B.      Personification               D. Hyperbole
12.   “Heaven is crying hard” is an example of which figure of speech?
A.      Simile                            C. Metaphor
B.      Personification               D. Hyperbole
13.   “The trees are dancing in the forest” is an example of which figure of speech?
A.      Simile                            C. Metaphor
B.      Personification               D. Hyperbole

14.   The author of the novel “Bata, Bata, paano ka ginawa?” and Dekada ’70.
A.      N.V.M. Gonzales      C. Francisco Arcellana
B.      Nick Joaquin             D. Lualhati Bautista
15.   The author of the novel “The woman who had two navels.”
A.      N.V.M. Gonzales      C. F. Sionil Jose
B.      Nick Joaquin             D. Amado Hernandez
16.   The author of the novel “Pride and Prejudice.”
A.      Jane Austen                               C. William Shakespeare
B.      Johann Goethe         D. Victor Hugo
17.   The author of the novel “Les Miserables.”
A.      Jane Austen                               C. William Shakespeare
B.      Johann Goethe         D. Victor Hugo
18.   The author of the epic novel “Anna Karenina.”
A.      Leo Tolstoy                 C. Mark Twain
B.      Oscar Wilde                                D. Kenneth Graham
19.   The author of the famous novel “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer.”
A.      Leo Tolstoy                  C. Mark Twain
B.      Oscar Wilde                  D. Kenneth Graham
20.   The following are the duties and obligations of a Filipino Citizen according to the 1987 Constitution, except:
A.      To defend the State.              C. To register and vote.
B.      To be loyal to the Republic. D. To run in public office.
21.   What do you call the principle in which the child follows the nationality or citizenship of his/her parents regardless of the place of birth?
A.      Jus Sanguinis              C. Jus Sangiunis
B.      Jus Soli                          D. Jus Losi
22.   What do you call the principle in which the child’s citizenship is determined by his birthplace?
A.      Jus Sanguinis              C. Jus Sangiunis
B.      Jus Soli                          D. Jus Losi
23.   The following are constitutional qualifications for Senators, except:
A.      Registered Voter     C. NBI Clearance
B.      Natural Born              D. Able to read and write
24.   The following are constitutional qualifications for Philippine President, except:
A.      Registered Voter     C. At least 40 years old on the day of Election as President.
B.      Natural Born              D. A resident of the Philippines for at least 5 years.
25.   The following are constitutional commissions, except:
A.      Commission on Audit             C. Commission on Elections
B.      Civil Service Commission       D. Commission on Human Rights
26.   The smallest political unit in the Philippines:
A.      Barangay                     C. Municipality
B.      Province                      D. City

27.   The following are impeachable government officials according to the 1987 Constitution, except:
A.      President                    C. Senators
B.      Vice President           D. Ombudsman
28.   The founder of La Liga Filipina is:
A.      Marcelo Del Pilar      C. Jose Rizal
B.      Andres Bonifacio      D. Ladislao Diwa
29.   Who is the Filipino writer known as “Huseng Sisiw?”
A.      Jose Dela Cruz           C. Jose Corazon De Jesus
B.      Jose Rizal                     D. Marcelo Del Pilar
30.   He was a “babaylan” in Bohol who led an uprising and fought against the Spaniards in 1621.
A.      Tamblot                       C. Lakandula
B.      Rajah Sulayman        D. Sultan Kudarat


CLICK HERE FOR THE ANSWER KEY

Monday, December 10, 2018

L.E.T. BIOLOGY REVIEWER # 1: Answer Key

L.E.T. BIOLOGY REVIEWER # 1: Answer Key


L.E.T. BIOLOGY REVIEWER # 1: Questions and Answers




Answer the following questions using a sheet of paper. The answer key is found at the bottom of the page. 

1. Which of the following is true regarding Interphase?
a. The longest phase of cell division.       c. The longest mitotic phase.
b. Chromatids separate in this phase.     d. The cell cytoplasm divides.


2. During Metaphase, mitosis chromosomes _______________
a. undergo coiling                                        c. break and disintegrate
b. line up at the equator                              d. undergo condensation


3. Which of the following is NOT associated with mitosis?
a. Growth in height                                      c. Healing of wounds                     
b. Growth of the fetus in the womb           d. Production of Sperm and Egg


4. How many mitotic divisions are needed for a single cell to make 128 cells?
a. 7                                                                  c. 28
b. 14                                                               d. 32


5. What do you call the science which deals with the structure and functions of tissue?
a. Cytology                                                    c. Histology
b. Pathology                                                  d. Microbiology


6. This is a type of epithelial tissue with columnar cells which appear to be arranged in more than one layer because they have been altered by pressure.
a. Simple Squamous                                   c. Stratified Squamous
b. Pseudo-stratified Epithelium                 d. Transitional Epithelium


7. This is a type of epithelial tissue with balloon-like cells subjected to contraction and stretching.
a. Simple Squamous                                   c. Stratified Squamous
b. Pseudo-stratified Epithelium                 d. Transitional Epithelium


8. What do you call the intercellular substance or matrix found in Cartilages?
a. Chondrin                                                   c. Osteocytes
b. Chondrocytes                                           d. Endosteum


9. The functional unit of the bone is called
a. Osteocytes                                                c. Haversian System
b. Canaliculi                                                 d. Periosteum


10. What do you call the membrane which surrounds the muscle tissues?
a. Myofibrils                                                   c. Sarcolemma
b. Fasciculi                                                    d. Epimysium


11. What do you call the long coiled tube of the human digestive tract where final digestion and absoprtion of food takes place?
a. Small Instestine                                       c. Large Intestine
b. Stomach                                                    d. Esophagus


12. Epithelial Tissues can be classified according to:
a. Number of Cell Layers                            c. A and B
b. Type of Cell Shapes                               d. None in the Options Provide


13. Which of the following does NOT belong to the group:
a. Ribosomes                                                c. Nucleolus
b. Centrioles                                                 d. Vacuoles


14. A cellular organelle whose primary function is to synthesize proteins:
a. Centrosomes                                            c. Ribosomes
b. Endoplasmic Reticulum                         d. Vacuoles


15. Classification of animals with simple stomach.
a. Monogastric                                              c. Ruminants
b. Monogastrick                                            d. Rumenants


16. The layer of the epidermis in which chromatophores in amphibians are located.
a. Stratum Corneum                                    c. Stratum Germinativum
b. Stratum Laxum                                         d. Stratum Laxum


17. The Dermis of the human skin is important for the following functions, except:
a. Sensation                                                 c. Transpiration
b. Protection                                                  d. Thermoregulation


18. All muscles share the following prefixes, except:
a. Myo -                                                          c. Mayo -
b. Mys -                                                          d. Sarco -


19. The following are the characteristics of Cardiac Muscle, except:
a. Unstriated                                                 c. Involuntary
b. Intercalated discs are present               d. Found only in the heart


20. Exoskeleton of Arthropods, such as insects, spiders and crustaceans, contains mainly of ______
a. Calcium Carbonate                                 c. Magnesium
b. Chitin                                                         d. Iron


21. A type of skeleton which consists of fluid held under pressure in a closed body compartment.
a. Endoskeleton                                           c. Exoskeleton
b. Hydroskeleton                                          d. Hydoskeleton


22. Temporary storage of human urine.
a. Urinary Blader                                          c. Urinary Bladder
b. Urinarry Blader                                         d. Urinenary Bladder


23. The filtering units of the kidney is called __________.
a. Neprons                                                    c. Nephrons
b. Nephroons                                                d. Nephrrons


24. It is a nitrogenous waste produced in the liver from the breakdown of proteins. It is the main component of urine.
a. Uric Acid                                                    c. Urea
b. Creatinine                                                 d. Urine


25. It is a waste product of the body produced from the breakdown of DNA or RNA.
a. Uric Acid                                                    c. Urea
b. Creatinine                                                 d. Urine


26. It is a waste product of the body produced from muscle action.
a. Uric Acid                                                    c. Urea
b. Creatinine                                                 d. Urine


27. It encases the glomerulus of the kidney.
a. Loop of Henle                                         c. Bowman’s Capsule
b. Collecting duct                                         d. Medulla


28. It reduces the volume of urine by reabsorbing water.
a. Loop of Henle                                         c. Bowman’s Capsule
b. Collecting duct                                         d. Medulla


29. Which of the following does not belong to the group:
a. External Nose                                          c. Pharynx
b. Nasal Cavity                                             d. Larynx


30. Which of the following does not belong to the group:
a. Lungs                                                        c. Nose
b. Larynx                                                        d. Bronchi


CLICK HERE FOR THE ANSWER KEY